Governing Council of the University of Toronto
Studies on spaceflights lasting more than one year have shown that, due to weightlessness, astronauts on long missions may lose as much as twenty percent of their bone mass, which leads to a significant increase in risk of fracture and other complications.

Following the previous work and discovery in bone-resorbing osteoclasts and in optimizing bone cell culture in simulated microgravity, the present project aims to determine the molecular mechanism behind bone loss in astronauts. The main objectives include the grow of osteoclasts on bone surfaces in simulated microgravity, comparison of the osteoclasts grown in static culture to those in simulated microgravity, and the direct measurement of osteoclast morphology, ultrastructure, differentiation, fusion and bone-resorbing activity. 

In addition to engaging trainees' in discovery-based microgravity research and developing novel bone cell micro carriers, this work will identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteop